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Evidence-Based Nutrition · Strongest Research Support

長寿のための地中海ダイエット:完全なエビデンスベースのガイド

地中海ダイエットは心血管死亡を40%、認知機能を改善し、寿命を2-5年延ばします。何十年にもわたる研究が、この食事パターンを長寿と病気予防のゴールドスタンダードとして裏づけています。

40% CV Mortality ReductionCognitive ProtectionAnti-Inflammatory

エビデンスに基づく健康効果

40% Cardiovascular Mortality Reduction
PREDIMED study: Extra virgin olive oil + Mediterranean diet significantly reduces CV events
Benefits visible within 12 weeks
Cognitive Decline Prevention
Mediterranean diet improves cognitive function, reduces Alzheimer's risk. Similar benefits to MIND diet.
Cognitive improvements measurable at 12 weeks
Type 2 Diabetes Risk Reduction
Improves insulin sensitivity, blood sugar control. Lower glycemic impact than Western diet.
Metabolic improvements within 4-8 weeks
Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Down-regulates VCAM, ICAM, E-selectin. Reduces HMGB1-mediated inflammation.
Inflammatory markers improve 8-12 weeks

4つの核心成分

Extra Virgin Olive Oil (EVOO)
Primary fat source - oleocanthal with strong anti-inflammatory activity
3-4 tablespoons daily

Practical Tips:

  • Use for cooking at low-medium heat
  • Drizzle on vegetables, salads, whole grains
  • Choose high-quality, cold-pressed EVOO
  • Store in dark, cool place to preserve polyphenols

PREDIMED: EVOO group showed superior cardiovascular outcomes vs low-fat diet

Fatty Fish
Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) reduce neuroinflammation via HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway
2+ servings per week (3-4 oz each)

Practical Tips:

  • Salmon, mackerel, sardines, anchovies, herring preferred
  • Wild-caught when possible for higher omega-3 content
  • Cook with EVOO, lemon, herbs
  • Canned sardines/anchovies are convenient, affordable

1-3g EPA+DHA daily reduces inflammatory biomarkers, supports brain health

Vegetables & Fruits
Abundant produce provides antioxidants, polyphenols, fiber
7-10 servings daily (vegetables emphasized over fruits)

Practical Tips:

  • Dark leafy greens daily (spinach, kale, arugula)
  • Tomatoes for lycopene (anti-inflammatory)
  • Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower)
  • Berries 1-2 cups daily (quercetin-rich: blueberries, cranberries)

High vegetable intake correlates with lower all-cause mortality

Whole Grains & Legumes
Complex carbohydrates, fiber, plant protein
3-6 servings whole grains, 1 cup legumes 2x weekly

Practical Tips:

  • Whole grains: quinoa, farro, bulgur, barley, oats
  • Legumes: chickpeas, lentils, white beans, fava beans
  • Avoid refined grains and white bread
  • Pair with EVOO and vegetables

Whole grain intake inversely associated with cardiovascular disease

地中海ダイエットの食品リスト

日常的に推奨
  • Extra virgin olive oil

    3-4 tbsp daily, primary fat source

  • Fatty fish

    Salmon, sardines, mackerel 2+ times/week

  • Vegetables

    7-10 servings daily, emphasize leafy greens

  • Fruits

    2-3 servings daily, especially berries

  • Whole grains

    Quinoa, farro, oats - 3-6 servings daily

  • Legumes

    Chickpeas, lentils, beans - 1 cup 2x weekly

  • Nuts & seeds

    Handful daily, especially walnuts, almonds

  • Herbs & spices

    Turmeric, garlic, basil, oregano - generous use

  • Green tea

    2-3 cups daily (EGCG: IC50 <1μM for HMGB1)

  • Red wine (optional)

    1 glass daily max (resveratrol benefits)

適度な摂取
  • Poultry

    2-3 times per week, skinless preferred

  • Eggs

    3-7 per week

  • Cheese & yogurt

    Small portions, Greek yogurt preferred

  • Potatoes

    Moderate amounts, sweet potatoes preferred

制限または回避
  • Red meat

    1-2 times per month maximum

  • Processed meats

    Avoid entirely (cancer risk)

  • Refined grains

    White bread, white rice, pastries

  • Added sugars

    Desserts, sugary beverages

  • Trans fats

    Margarine, processed foods

  • Highly processed foods

    Fast food, packaged snacks

最適な健康のための食物群を階層化して示した地中海式ダイエットピラミッド

HMGB1を減らす地中海式食品

これらの地中海式ダイエットの定番食材は、HMGB1阻害を通じて特定の抗老化効果を示します:

ベリー、緑茶、ターメリック、脂肪魚、葉物野菜を含む抗炎症性食品の配置
Green Tea (2-3 cups daily)
活性成分: EGCG

Mechanism:

IC50 <1μM for HMGB1 inhibition, induces autophagy-mediated degradation

How to Use:

Morning and early afternoon (avoid evening due to caffeine)

Berries (1-2 cups daily)
活性成分: Quercetin

Mechanism:

Blocks HMGB1/NF-κB pathway, prevents nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation

How to Use:

With breakfast or as snacks

Turmeric with Black Pepper
活性成分: Curcumin + Piperine

Mechanism:

Reduces HMGB1 expression, piperine enhances bioavailability 20x

How to Use:

Cook with or supplement 500-1000mg daily

Omega-3 Rich Fish (2x weekly)
活性成分: EPA + DHA

Mechanism:

Reduces HMGB1 via SIRT1-mediated deacetylation

How to Use:

2 servings weekly minimum (3-4 oz each)

Extra Virgin Olive Oil (3-4 tbsp daily)
活性成分: Oleocanthal, Oleuropein

Mechanism:

Anti-inflammatory, reduces oxidative stress and HMGB1 release

How to Use:

Throughout the day with meals

3-Day Sample Meal Plan

地中海ダイエットの食事の広がり:魚、野菜、オリーブオイル、全粒穀物、果物、ナッツ
月曜日

Breakfast:

Greek yogurt with berries, walnuts, drizzle of honey, green tea

Lunch:

Mediterranean chickpea salad with tomatoes, cucumber, feta, EVOO dressing

Dinner:

Grilled salmon with quinoa, roasted vegetables (broccoli, peppers), EVOO

Snack:

Handful of almonds, apple

火曜日

Breakfast:

Oatmeal with berries, ground flaxseeds, cinnamon, green tea

Lunch:

Lentil soup with vegetables, whole grain bread, side salad

Dinner:

Herb-roasted chicken, farro with vegetables, side of greens

Snack:

Hummus with carrot and cucumber sticks

水曜日

Breakfast:

Vegetable omelet (spinach, tomatoes) with whole grain toast, EVOO

Lunch:

Tuna salad with white beans, tomatoes, olives, arugula

Dinner:

Mediterranean baked cod with cherry tomatoes, olives, capers over quinoa

Snack:

Greek yogurt with berries

はじめに: 4週間の移行計画

第1週:基礎
  • バター/マーガリンをエクストラバージンオリーブオイルに置換
  • 1日2-3杯の緑茶を追加
  • 朝食またはおやつにベリーを加える
第2週:タンパク質のシフト
  • 今週は脂肪魚を2回追加(サーモン、サーディン、サバ)
  • 赤身肉を週1回またはそれ以下に削減
  • 豆類を週2回追加(ヒヨコ豆、レンズ豆、豆類)
第3週:全粒穀物と野菜
  • 精製穀物を全粒穀物へ置換(キヌア、ファーロ、オーツ)
  • 野菜を1日7-10皿に増やす
  • 調理にターメリックを追加(吸収のため黒胡椒と一緒に)
第4週:微調整
  • 毎日ナッツ/種子を追加(クルミ1握り、アーモンド)
  • 加工食品と精製糖を排除
  • 任意:夕食時に赤ワイン1杯を追加(禁忌がなければ)

結論

地中海ダイエットは長寿と疾病予防のための最も確固たるエビデンス基盤を持つ食事パターンです。ランドマーク研究であるPREDIMEDを含む数十年の研究が以下を示します:

  • 40%の心血管死亡リスク低減 with エクストラバージンオリーブオイルと地中海パターン
  • 認知機能の改善 12週間以内に測定可能、アルツハイマー病リスクを低減
  • 抗炎症効果 HMGB1低減を介して(緑茶、ベリー、ターメリック、オメガ-3)
  • 2型糖尿病予防 インスリン感受性と血糖コントロールの改善を通じて

この食事法は持続可能で、楽しめる上に文化的にも適応可能です—長期的な継続の鍵となる要因です。コア原則に焦点を当てましょう:エクストラバージンオリーブオイルを主要脂肪源とする(3-4 tbsp daily)脂肪魚を週に2回豊富な野菜(7-10回分/日)全粒穀物と豆類加工食品を最小限に

4週間の移行計画から始めて、徐々に食習慣を変えましょう。ほとんどの人は2-3週間でエネルギーと頭の冴えが向上し、8-12週間で心血管および代謝の利益を測定できます。これはダイエットではなく、最も強力な科学的根拠で裏打ちされた持続可能なライフスタイルのアプローチです。

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Mediterranean Diet
+50 LP/week